We found that the intervention increased their exposure to content from cross-cutting sources and decreased exposure to uncivil language, but had no measurable effects on eight preregistered attitudinal measures such as affective polarization, ideological extremity, candidate evaluations and belief in false claims. To evaluate a potential response to concerns about the effects of echo chambers, we conducted a multi-wave field experiment on Facebook among 23,377 users for whom we reduced exposure to content from like-minded sources during the 2020 US presidential election by about one-third. Here we present data from 2020 for the entire population of active adult Facebook users in the USA showing that content from like-minded sources constitutes the majority of what people see on the platform, although political information and news represent only a small fraction of these exposures. However, the lack of available data and the challenges of conducting large-scale field experiments have made it difficult to assess the scope of the problem1,2. Many critics raise concerns about the prevalence of echo chambers on social media and their potential role in increasing political polarization. These methods and results highlight promise of new data resources to measure microeconomic behaviour and improve estimates of critical economic indicators. Using the features identified at the micro level, we show that the same changes in these calling behaviours, aggregated at the regional level, can improve forecasts of macro unemployment rates. For these affected individuals, we observe significant declines in social behaviour and mobility following job loss. We then use a Bayesian classification model to identify affected individuals by observing changes in calling behaviour following the plant's closure. Using the closure of a large manufacturing plant as a case study, we first describe a structural break model to correctly detect the date of a mass layoff and estimate its size. Further, persuasion was not driven solely by changes in copartisans' attitudes the effects were consistent across groups.Ĭan data from mobile phones be used to observe economic shocks and their consequences at multiple scales? Here we present novel methods to detect mass layoffs, identify individuals affected by them and predict changes in aggregate unemployment rates using call detail records (CDRs) from mobile phones. In both experiments we find that participating has significant and substantively important causal effects on all three dimensions of persuasion but no such effects on issues that were not discussed extensively in the sessions. Study 2 examined a large (175 participants) town hall with a senator. Study 1 examined 19 small meetings with members of the House of Representatives (average 20 participants per town hall). Our experiments consist of 20 online town hall meetings with members of Congress conducted in 20. We ran two randomized controlled field experiments testing the causal effects of directly interacting with a sitting politician. Here we show that political leaders can persuade their constituents directly on three dimensions: substantive attitudes regarding policy issues, attributions regarding the leaders' qualities, and subsequent voting behavior. However, there is surprisingly little evidence regarding direct persuasion by leaders. from Princeton University, where she was the recipient of the George Bienkowski Memorial Prize.Do leaders persuade? Social scientists have long studied the relationship between elite behavior and mass opinion. Her essay on Cambodia will be published as part of a collection in 2017. She served as president of the New England Chapter of Women in International Security and was selected as a Writing Fellow for the Asia Leadership Trek. In 2012 she served in Afghanistan with the 75th Ranger Regiment as a Cultural Support Team Leader, engaging with local women and children during direct action missions and training Afghan women for special operations missions.Īnnie is a Tillman Scholar and recently received her Masters in International Relations from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. She deployed to Iraq as a Document and Media Exploitation Team Leader and to Qatar in support of RC-135 RIVET JOINT operations. Air Force Special Operations School, where she built and presented academic courses to educate hundreds of military and government personnel on intercultural competence, the Pacific theater, and insurgent warfare. She was previously a course director at the U.S. Air Force and is currently Deputy Director of the Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Foreign Language Office. "Tony" Ierardi, USA (Ret.)Īnnie Yu Kleiman has served for eleven years in the U.S.
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